导读：蜂蜜是一种成分复杂、营养丰富的过饱和糖溶液,具有极高的渗透压和较低的pH值, 含有过氧化氢(hydrogen peroxide,H2O2)及丙酮醛类(Methylglyoxal,MGO)等杀菌成分, 具有广谱的抗菌活性

3、展望

目前关于蜂蜜治疗伤口的报告绝大多数都肯定了蜂蜜的效果和应用价值,但这些研究还需要进一步验证和深入探讨。部分报道是个案研究或经验治疗[23,33],对试验的可重复性有很大影响,病例数足够的临床随机对照试验较少,说服力不够。另一方面由于蜂蜜本身成分复杂、品种多样,当前尚无足够证据显示不同种类蜂蜜之间差异有统计学意义[34]。所以目前医务人员对是否将其广泛用于伤口处理中尚存疑虑,蜂蜜用于伤口必须符合一定的标准[35],仍需要足够病例数的临床随机对照试验来确定蜂蜜的疗效。

另外,蜂蜜用于伤口后,尤其稀释后,其中的孢子是否可能转变为滋养体形式,从而成为病原体[12]?这也还是一个悬而未决的问题。建议在应用蜂蜜治疗伤口之前最好先做伤口细菌培养和对蜂蜜的药敏试验,因为不可能任何蜂蜜对任何伤口都是适宜和有效的。此外,蜂蜜应用前先用大剂量60Coγ射线照射灭菌也是必要的。因此加强蜂蜜敷料的质量控制是一个迫在眉睫的问题,同时进一步了解蜂蜜的疗效及化学成分,有助于优化其在临床上的应用[36]。

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